
Ischnocnema henselii
(Peters, 1870)
(Fig. 3B)
Vouchers - FURB 22375, 22390, 22719, 22730, 22738,
22739
Taxonomy and distribution - This species was
recently placed within the Ischnocnema guentheri
species group, and it is widely distributed in the south
portion of Atlantic Forest in the São Paulo, Paraná,
Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul states, and in
the northeast of Argentina (Conte et al., 2010, Gehara,
Canedo, Haddad and Vences, 2013).
Ecology - We registered males of I. henselii at the
altitude levels of 700 m and 1000 m, foraging and
calling in the leaf litter or on vegetation such as shrubs,
grasses, or trees, in the forest interior and in stream
banks. We observed males emitting advertisement
calls from October 2012 to January 2013 and
September 2013 to December 2013, and registered
ovigerous females in March 2013, December 2013 and
January 2014. Species of the genus Ischnocnema
have reproductive mode 27, with direct development of
the terrestrial eggs (Nunes-de-Almeida et al., 2021).
Ischnocnema sp. (gr. guentheri)
(Fig. 3C)
Vouchers - FURB 22283, 22374, 22380, 22795, 22812,
22913
Taxonomy and distribution - This species is part of
the I. guentheri species complex, cited as Candidate
Species 1 (CS1) in Gehara et al. (2013), which was
delimited by using molecular markers and bioacoustics
data. This putative species occurs from the states of
São Paulo to Santa Catarina (Gehara et al., 2013). The
calls (n=6 from two males) have similar acoustic
parameters if compared with Gehara et al. (2013), as
follows: dominant frequency 2325–2497 Hz (2403.833
± 63.294), call duration 1.880–2.440 s (2.118 ± 0.184)
and notes per call 29–35 (31.5 ± 1.974).
Ecology - We registered this species only at low
elevations (100 and 300 m). We observed calling males
in the leaf litter, at the stream banks or on the vegetation
in the forest interior, from October 2012 to March 2013;
we registered ovigerous females during November and
December 2012, and from January to March 2013.
Species of the genus Ischnocnema have reproductive
mode 27 (Nunes-de-Almeida et al., 2021).
Ischnocnema sp. (I. lactea species series)
(Fig. 3D)
Vouchers - FURB 22748, 22758, 22907, 22929
Taxonomy and distribution - This species was
assigned as part of the I. lactea species series based
on external morphology. There are three species
belonging to this species series occurring close of the
studied region: I. paranaensis, I. manezinho and I.
sambaqui. The collected individuals (adults, males)
differ from I. paranaensis by their larger size (SVL
21.3–21.8 mm in Ischnocnema sp.; 17.7 mm in I.
paranaensis, Langone and Segalla, 1996) and by the
presence of external tympanum (indistinct in I.
paranaensis). Ischnocnema sp. presents variegated
dorsal coloration that varies from brown to yellow;
thigh, shank and forearms with black stripes on dorsal
surfaces. The snout is round from dorsal view and
acuminate in profile. Because of the presence of the
internal tarsal tubercle, collected individuals are similar
to I. sambaqui, and differs from I. manezinho (internal
tarsal tubercle absent) (Garcia, 1996, Castanho et al.,
2000). The advertisement calls (n = 12, two males)
have duration of 0.140–0.270 s (0.207 ± 0.029), with
3.000–5.000 notes per call (3.916 ± 0.288), note
duration of 0.008–0.010 s (0.010 ± 0.001), and only one
pulse per note. The dominant frequency is
3014.000–3100.000 Hz (3071.333 ± 38.167), Fmin
1765.000–2282.000 Hz (2095.583 ± 130.311), and
Fmax 3875.000–4392.000 Hz (4083.750 ± 150.020).
The advertisement call of I. paranaensis is not
described, hampering any comparisons. However, we
observed differences in the call duration and number of
notes in comparison with I. manezinho (respectively,
0.79–0.97 s and 11–13 number of notes, Florianópolis
municipality, Santa Catarina state, approximately 160
km from Serra Dona Francisca, Castanho et al. 2000)
and I. sambaqui (respectively, 0.50–0.63 s and 6.0–8.0
number of notes, Guaraqueçaba municipality, Paraná
state, approximately 130 km from Serra Dona
Francisca, Castanho et al. 2000). Therefore, because
of the reasons explained above, we were not able to
assign the collected individuals to any of these three
species.
Ecology - We observed males of Ischnocnema sp.
calling during November 2013 in the forest interior, only
at 300 m of elevation level. Males of this species use
large rocks (more than 1 m from the soil) as calling
sites, besides trunks wrapped by mosses and
bryophytes. Species of the Ischnocnema genus have
the reproductive mode 27 (Nunes-de-Almeida et al.,
2021).
Family Bufonidae
Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae
Izecksohn, 1994
(Fig. 3E)
Vouchers - FURB 22282, 22474, 22720, 22901, 22908
Taxonomy and distribution - This species occurs in
coastal forests in the Paraná and Santa Catarina states
(Fusinatto, Cruz and Garcia, 2008) and belongs to the
D. brevipollicatus species group (Izecksohn, 1993).
Ecology - We registered D. berthalutzae only at the
elevation level of 700 m, foraging on the vegetation and
rocks in the forest interior. We observed calling males
on shrubs in the streams (1.5 m high), only in
November 2012, but we found females during all the
survey, and juveniles only in February 2013. This
species is usually found in bromeliads, where the eggs
are laid (reproductive mode 4 – Peixoto, 1995, Nunes-
de-Almeida et al., 2021).
Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2022. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 31 (2): e31.2.4
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MARIOTTO, L.R. et al.