Boletín de la Sociedad Zoológica del Uruguay, 2025

Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ISSN 2393-6940

https://journal.szu.org.uy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26462/34.1.5

ABSTRACT

This work aims to provide regionalized information on the

non-acarine arachnids inhabiting the Brazilian Chapada

Diamantina National Park (PARNA-CD), and its

surroundings, to support studies for protecting endemic

species and preventing human accidents by these

animals. We used registers of five arachnological

collections covering 36 years, validated by the world

catalogs of each order. We found 67 arachnid species

from five orders, 42 families, in the six municipalities

surrounding PARNA-CD. Araneae (54 species) and

Scorpiones (ten species) were the most representative

orders. We found no records of the other orders except for

Pseudoscorpiones (two species) and Amblypygi (one

species). Only one spider species (Tmesiphantes

hypogeus), and two scorpions (Troglorhopalurus lacrau

and T. translucidus) were assessed on the IUCN criteria

for conservation. Twenty-six species are endemic to

Brazil, of which five have no records in any location other

than PARNA-CD. At least one medically important species

was encountered in each municipality, from the genera:

Latrodectus, Loxosceles, Phoneutria, and Tityus. Given

the recent rate of human-mediated changes (undue land-

use) where several Brazilian caatinga areas were

exposed, endemic species from this list should be the

priority target for long-term ecological and behavioral

studies.

Key-words: Arachnids, Biodiversity, Caatinga, Bahia.

RESUMEN

Primera lista de los arácnidos no acarinos

(Chelicerata: Arachnida) del Parque Nacional

Chapada Diamantina, Brasil. Este trabajo tiene como

objetivo proporcionar información regionalizada sobre

los arácnidos no-acáridos del Parque Nacional Chapada

Diamantina (PARNA-CD, Brasil) y sus alrededores, para

apoyar estudios destinados a protección de especies

endémicas y prevención de accidentes humanos

causados por estos. Utilizamos registros de cinco

colecciones aracnológicas que abarcan 36 años, y de los

catálogos mundiales de cada orden. Encontramos 67

especies de arácnidos de cinco órdenes y 42 familias en

los seis municipios alrededor del PARNA-CD. Araneae

(54 especies) y Scorpiones (dies especies) fueron los

más representativos. No encontramos registros de otros

órdenes, excepto Pseudoscorpiones (dos especies) y

Amblypygi (una especie). Solo una especie de araña

(Tmesiphantes hypogeus) y dos escorpiones

(Troglorhopalurus lacrau y T. translucidus) están

evaluados según los criterios de la UICN para la

conservación. Veintiséis especies son endémicas de

Brasil, donde cinco no tienen registros en ningún otro

lugar que PARNA-CD. Se encontró al menos una

especie de importancia médica en cada municipio, de los

géneros: Latrodectus, Loxosceles, Phoneutria, Tityus.

Dado el ritmo de cambios mediados por humanos (uso

indebido de la tierra), en áreas de caatinga brasileña, las

especies endémicas de esta lista, deberían ser el

objetivo prioritario de estudios ecológicos y conductuales

a largo plazo.

Palabras clave: Arácnidos, Biodiversidad, Caatinga,

Bahía.

INTRODUCTION

The Chapada Diamantina National Park (PARNA-

CD) is part of the ecoregion of Chapada Diamantina

(Diamond Plateau), in the center of Bahia, northeast of

Brazil (geographic coordinates: 12°20' - 12°25'S,

41°35' - 41°15'W). It is a Conservation Unit with "full

protection" status, spanning 1,520 km across six

municipalities: Andaraí, Ibicoara, Itaeté, Lençóis,

Mucugê, and Palmeiras (CNUC ). It is considered the

main ecotourism hub in the State of Bahia (Santos,

2016), and one of the most representative Brazilian

caatinga biome. Its name derives from the ecoregion

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

FIRST CHECKLIST OF THE NON-ACARINE ARACHNIDS (CHELICERATA: ARACHNIDA) OF THE

CHAPADA DIAMANTINA NATIONAL PARK, BRAZIL

Júlia Andrade-de-Sá , Tania Kobler Brazil , Davi Emanuel Soares Barreto ,

Rejâne Maria Lira-da-Silva*

Nucleus of Ophiology and Venomous Animals of Bahia, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Av.

Barão de Jeremoabo, no. 668, Ondina University Campus, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. CEP: 40170-115.

*Corresponding author: rejanelirar2@gmail.com

Fecha de recepción: 27 de octubre de 2024

Fecha de aceptación: 23 de diciembre de 2024

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

where it is located and refers to the mining activities

that were intensely carried out dating back to the 19th

century. This region became economically important in

the early 1990s, due to diamond mining, and more

recently, ecotourism. Both activities heavily impacted

the environment, even more, understanding it is there

that almost all of the principal rivers of Bahia, like

Paraguaçu, Jacuípe, and Rio de Contas basins are

born (SP, 2014).

All the ecoregion is formed by a set of mountains

and plateaus of sedimentary origin as an extension of

the Serra do Espinhaço (Espinhaço Mountain Range),

which stretches from Minas Gerais to Bahia (Rocha,

Chaves, Rocha, Funch and Juncá, 2005). It is

important to know that The Espinhaço Mountain Range

was named a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO , and

represents the largest and most continuous

Precambrian orogenic belt in Brazilian territory, serving

as a water divider between the São Francisco river

basin and the hydrographic basins that flow directly into

the Atlantic Ocean.

The entire region falls within the Caatinga biome but

exhibits a mix of rocky countryside vegetation, Brazil-

ian cerrado, and varying degrees of humid forest rem-

nants (Velloso, Sampaio and Pareyn, 2002; Gonçalves

and Azevedo-Gonçalves, 2016). The "campo rupestre"

("rupestrian grassland") characterizes the montane

vegetation of the Espinhaço Range, is found at alti-

tudes from 900 to 2.033 meters, and is characterized

by dry winters and wet summers, strong winds, and

high levels of irradiance (Silveira et al., 2016). It is the

highest region within the Caatinga biome, forming a

natural watershed where rivers flow into the São Fran-

cisco basin (Velloso et al., 2002). Endemism is a char-

acteristic of this region due to its semi-arid climate, high

potential evapotranspiration throughout the year, and

low and erratic rainfall (MMA, 2007).

The PARNA-CD, like the entire Chapada Diaman-

tina, is characterized by sedimentary terrain in stacked

layers, which result from the alternation of geological

environments that prevailed in the past. Ancient

deserts, rivers, and their mouths, beaches, lakes, and

marine environments alternated successively through-

out geological time. Limestones, originating from

ancient seas or lakes, are also present and, in the lands

where they occur, are responsible for the formation of

numerous natural cavities, such as caves, grottoes,

and sinkholes, shaping underground environments

and further contributing to the location of the diversity

(MMA, 2007). There are 28 caves registered in

PARNA-CD by the Brazilian National Cave Registry

(CNC ): Andaraí-7, Ibicoara-2, Itaeté-3, Lençóis-1,

Mucugê-2, and Palmeiras-13. In addition to the contri-

bution they can make to science, caves are resources

used to enrich public visits, such as Gruta do Lapão

(Lençóis), Gruta do Castelo (Mucugê) and Gruna do

Brejo (Andaraí). Many others have priority research

and preservation potential, and cannot be visited

(MMA, 2007). It is important to note that all caves in

Brazil are property of the Union (Brazilian government)

(CRFB-Brasil . In Bahia, they are areas of per-

manent protection (CRFB-Bahia, 1989). They are

inalienable assets, and even though sustainable

exploitation by private individuals such as tourism, is

allowed, the relationship will be governed by public law

norms rather than private law (Ribas and Carvalho,

2009).

Despite being one of the oldest UCs (Conservation

Units) created in the country (Decreto nº 91.655 Brasil,

1985) and its Management Plan dating back to 2007

(MMA, 2007), the PARNA-CD still needs comprehen-

sive studies on its biodiversity. Among the available

literature, the representation of animal groups still

shows an imbalance. A bibliographic examination

using the main search databases identified about 100

works concerning fauna diversity within the Chapada

Diamantina National Park. Besides, around 30 publica-

tions address arachnids in the PARNA-CD in some

way, but none of them refers to an arachnid regional

checklist. Knowledge of the regional fauna was limited

to scattered publications focused on specific groups

until the work organized by Juncá, Funch, and Rocha in

2005. This was the first to present faunal inventory

results of the area. Nevertheless, it covered only part of

the region and included just eight animal groups: four

invertebrates (Insecta: wasps, bees, beetles, and dip-

terans) and four vertebrates (fish, reptiles, amphibians,

and mammals). The arachnids of this region are best

known for articles on underground fauna, most pub-

lished by researchers from the Laboratory of Under-

ground Studies at the Federal University of São Carlos,

in S. Paulo (Trajano and Bichuette, 2010 a, b; Gallão

and Bichuette, 2016; Trajano, Gallão and Bichuette,

2016).

Arachnids comprise a group of chelicerates with 16

orders (Ruggiero et al., 2015) covering 95.972 species

worldwide (COL ). The best-known and most studied

are terrestrial ones, such as spiders, scorpions, and

parasitic mites. Coexistence with humans, mainly com-

bined with the poisonous potential of some species,

leads arachnids to have medical and/or agricultural

importance, given the high frequency and severity of

accidents that occur in various parts of the world and

the damage caused by some mites to vegetable crops.

Spiders and scorpions have been involved in human

accidents and are considered an alarming public health

, 1988)

1 Cadastro Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (National Register

of Conservation Units)- CNUC: https://cnuc.mma.gov.br/

2 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-

UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/espinhaco-

range?hub=66369

3 https://sbecnc.org.br/Regions.aspx#BA

4 https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CCQKT, accessed on

August 25, 2024.

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

3Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

issue, especially in Brazil where scorpion accidents

have continuously and significantly increased over 12

years (2000-2012) (Reckziegel and Pinto, 2014). In

2023, the Northeast region reported the second-

highest number of scorpion sting cases (76.893 notifi-

cations), where Bahia was the third Brazilian state with

the highest frequency of reported cases (11.13%) and

the second one for registered deaths (19.60%)

(DATASUS-TABNET, 2024).

Historically, arachnids have been poorly studied in

Northeast Brazil, especially in dry or semi-arid areas.

The last major data compilation on arachnids from the

Brazilian Semi-arid region, published in 2016,

presented only 323 species, including 271 spiders, 28

scorpions, and 24 harvestmen (Carvalho and Oliveira,

2016). It is a meager species number if we consider the

vast area covered, approximately 900.000 km²,

spanning nearly 8% of the national territory across nine

states—an area larger than the combined territories of

Spain and Portugal (Santos, 2016). One concerning

factor is that these few species are known from a

minimal number of records. About 200 species are

known from only a single record. Besides, there are no

compilations of information on other arachnid groups

(e.g., amblypygids, mites, schizomids, etc.) in this

region (Carvalho and Oliveira, 2016). This scenario is

associated with the lack of financial incentives for

research and a shortage of taxonomist arachnologists,

mainly in the Northeast, North, and Central-West

regions (Marques and Lamas, 2006; Oliveira,

Brescovit and Santos, 2017).

Unlike the Atlantic Forest, the other Brazilian

biomes are very little known regarding their arachnid

fauna's species richness and composition. Most of the

areas of these biomes still need records, and those

already sampled had very few. In general, relatively

well-sampled regions were restricted to easily

accessible locations such as nearby cities, highways,

or rivers. Thus, sampling effort is generally

concentrated in small areas, typically easier to access,

such as near highways or along the rivers. This

collection bias may have strong implications for

scientific knowledge and conservation. Thus, future

studies on distant locations can considerably change

the knowledge about species distribution throughout

Brazilian territory (Oliveira et al., 2017).

The last published data on spiders recorded in

Brazil was held in 2017 and shows 3.103 species,

grouped into 649 genera and 71 families (Oliveira et al.,

2017). There, the authors evaluated the influence of the

spatial distribution of sampling efforts on the

assessment of spider species richness in Brazil. They

agreed that the Caatinga was the least sufficiently

sampled, as this was the biome with the largest relative

difference between the observed and estimated

species richness. However, with only about 26% of

their area examined, they found 72 endemic species

(Oliveira et al., 2017), reinforcing the importance of

prioritizing studies in this biome. The latest checklist for

Bahia recorded around 400 spiders (Lira-da-Silva,

2011).

The scorpion fauna of Brazil currently consists of

182 species, grouped into 27 genera and four families

(Bertani, Giupponi and Moreno-Gonzáles, 2024). It is

not an impressive number if we think about the order

Araneae, but the percentage of endemism mainly in the

state of Bahia (25%) (Brazil and Porto, 2010; Porto,

Brazil and Lira-da-Silva, 2010a) makes this group an

expressive one. In Bahia, there are records of 30

species of scorpions (Bertani et al., 2024) in all biomes

and phytophysiognomies, from the coastal zone to the

high-altitude areas of the state. Still, Caatinga stands

out for housing the greatest wealth of species (22),

which represents almost 80% of the state (Porto et al.,

2010a).

Among the lesser-known non-acarine orders, only

eight have species registered in Brazil: Amblypygi (16

species), Palpigradi (3), Pseudoscorpiones (166),

Ricinulei (9), Schizomida (11), Solifugae (9), Uropygi

(7) (Harvey, 2013 a, b, c, d, e, f, g) and Opiliones (950)

(Kury et al., 2023). Opiliones and Pseudoscorpiones

are the best known. Information on lesser-known

arachnids or smaller non-acarine groups remains

limited and challenging to locate. The most complete

world list of these orders can be found in the catalogs

authored by Harvey (2003, 2013 a, b, c, d, e, f, g) from

the Western Australian Museum . However, Opiliones

were not addressed there. For this taxa, Kury's

Laniatores Catalog (Kury, 2003) and the World

Catalogue of Opiliones (Kury et al., 2023) remain

reliable sources about the group. In the case of

acarines Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes

(superorder Acariformes), as well as Holothyrida,

Ixodida, Mesostigmata, and Opilioacarida (superorder

Parasitiformes), no reliable records or recent catalogs

provide a clear estimation of the orders present in

Bahia. In this section, we will not delve into the group

formerly known as Acari. Given recent taxonomic

changes, the classification of this group has shifted

significantly, and discussing it in detail would go

beyond the scope of this work. Besides, no

comprehensive work or listing is available, and the

overall picture of these groups is incomplete for the

region.

As we can see, despite its importance as a Brazilian

conservation unit, records of the biodiversity in

Chapada Diamantina National Park (PARNA-CD) are

still scarce. In this article, we present the first annotated

non-acarine arachnids list of PARNA-CD and its

surroundings, in order to support studies not only for

the effective protection of endemic species but also for

the prevention of human accidents caused by these

animals.

5 https://museum.wa.gov.au/catalogues-beta/

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Animal data were obtained by the registers listed in

five arachnological collections covering 36 years: 1988

(the date of the first arachnid record in one of the five

collections) to 2024, in addition to Kury's Laniatores

Catalog (Jury, 2003), and Harvey's Catalogues

(Harvey, 2013 a, b, c, d, e, f, g). The records search was

carried out by selecting the municipalities included in

PARNA-CD: Andaraí, Ibicoara, Itaeté, Lençóis,

Mucugê, and Palmeiras. We organized them in Excel

spreadsheets, according to taxa, municipality of

occurrence, number of records in the collections, and

types of environments, which can be consulted in the

Appendices of this work. Specimens are deposited in

the following taxonomic collections (curators indicated

in parentheses):

MHNBA - Museum of Natural History of Bahia,

Federal University of Bahia, Salvador (T.K. Brazil)

(n = 323 registers).

UFMG - Federal University of Minas Gerais (A.J.

Santos) (n =10 registers).

UBTU - Spiders collection (Araneae) from Unesp,

São Paulo State University (I.M.P. Rinaldi) (n = 52

registers).

IBSP – Butantan Institute, São Paulo (A.D.

Brescovit) (n = 111 registers).

MNRJ - National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (A.B.

Kury) (n = 17 registers).

All records from MHNBA, UFMG, and UBTU are

av a il a bl e o n t he S pe c ie s Li n k p l a tf o rm

(https://specieslink.net/) under the acronyms: UFBA-

ARA, UFBA-ESC, UFBA-AMB, UFBA-OPI, UFBA-

PSE (Arachnological Collection of the Museum of

Natural History of Bahia), UFMG-ARA (Arachnological

Collection of the UFMG Taxonomic Collections), and

UBTU (Spiders collection (Araneae) from Unesp). All

the MHNBA specimens were analyzed by the authors.

Data from the IBSP and MNRJ collections were kindly

provided by their respective curators.

The identified spiders and scorpions were validated

by consulting the World Spider Catalog (2024) and The

Scorpion Files (Rein, 2024) websites. Amblypygids,

harvestmen, and pseudoscorpions were validated by

Harvey's Catalogues (Harvey, 2013 a, f, g). Arachnids's

English common names follow The American

Arachnological Society (AAS, 2003). Geographic

coordinates were obtained from the original record

(when provided). Taxons without information on

geographic coordinates were georeferenced using the

SpeciesLink geoLoc tool (http://splink.cria.org.br/

geoloc) for municipalities. The research area map was

produced using the QGIS 3.34.6 software (QGIS

Development Team, 2024). The base map was added

by installing the QuickMapServices plugin via the

Manage and Install Plugins menu, followed by

selecting Google Satellite from the QuickMapServices;

South America 2021, and BR/BA UF 2022 were

sourced from the IBGE maps portal. The Chapada

Diamantina National Park (PARNA-CD) boundaries

were obtained from the Chico Mendes Institute for

Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio).

To evaluate the conservation status, we considered

only the species-level identifications. For every species

data related to regional, national (ICMBio, 2018), and

global presence (IUCN, 2024a) in a conservation

status, were collected. We used the conservation

categories of The IUCN Red List Categories and

Criteria (version 3.1): Extinct-EX, Extinct in the Wild-

EW, Critically Endangered-CR, Endangered-EN,

Vulnerable-VU, Near Threatened-NT, Least Concern-

LC, Data Deficient-DD, Not Evaluated-NE (IUCN,

2024b). We consider species endemic to Brazil those

that have not been recorded in any other country since

their description, and local endemic ones, those that

have not been recorded in any other locality than inside

the PARNA-CD, after its description. To identify the

records, we consulted the respective catalogs of each

order. We took as a reference the work of Noguera-

Urbano (2017), in an ecology and conservation

approach, where endemism is interpreted concerning

a geographic area of reference and within a specific

period.

As medical or potentially medical importance

species, we consider any species contained in the

genera established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health

to be of medical importance. Those that have not yet

been studied clinically or epidemiologically, were

considered as potentially important from a medical

point of view. We consider here the approach of Ward,

Ellsworth and Nystrom (2018) and Rein and West

(2024 ), that harmless species, especially the ones

closely related to those known to be dangerous, can

also pose a threat to humans and should still be

considered clinically relevant.

Research Area

The research area was restricted to the six

municipalities of the PARNA-CD: Andaraí, Ibicoara,

Itaetê, Lençóis, Mucugê, and Palmeiras (Fig. 1). The

Park was created to enhance the Serra do Sincorá

(Sincora Range) environment. Its management is

under the ICMBio's responsibility, under the National

System of Conservation Units (CNUC) (MMA, 2007).

Inside the PARNA-CD there are some areas of

conservation units at the state administrative level, like

APA Marimbus-Iraquara (Lençóis), RPPN Córrego dos

bois (Palmeiras), RPPN Adilia Paraguaçu (Mucugê), or

municipal administrative levels like Mucugê Municipal

Park (Mucugê), and Rota das Cachoeiras Municipal

Natural Park (Andaraí) (SNUC ).

6 https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/assuntos/saude-de-a-a-

z/a/animais-peconhentos

7 https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/medicallist.php

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

5Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

Fig. 1. Map of part of Chapada Diamantina ecoregion indicating those municipalities that make up the Chapada

Diamantina National Park (PARNA-CD). Red polygons indicate caves with arachnid registers included in this work. The

white dashed line represents the continuity of the Serra do Espinhaço.

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

The Sincorá range is an orographic system of north-

south trend (coordinates: 12°15' - 13°45'S and 41°10' -

41°30'W) distant from the city of Salvador, the capital of

the state, in about 400 km. The rocks that form the

Sincorá range are mostly sandstones and

conglomerates with diamond-bearing and have been

washed since their discovery in 1844. After the

discovery of diamonds in the Mucugê region, in 1844,

the entire mountainous region was explored for

approximately 25 years, mining from the Sincorá River

to the Afrânio Peixoto region (south-north direction).

Mining was intense, especially in the Andaraí and Igatu

regions, where tailings from old mines can still be seen

along the road. Diamond mining began to decline from

1871 onwards, and mechanized mining was

introduced in the riverbeds inside and outside PARNA-

CD, but they were definitively closed in March 1996

(Pedreira, 2001). Nowadays the most impactful

activities in the region are the fires (mainly in the cities

of Ibicoara, Mucugê, and Palmeiras) and the tourist

flow, which the most affected areas are not specified in

the Management Plan (MMA, 2007).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In total, we found 67 arachnid species from five

orders and 42 families, registered in the six

municipalities of the PARNA-CD. As expected, the

most representative orders were Araneae (54 species)

and Scorpiones (ten species). Except for

Pseudoscorpiones (two species) and Amblypygi (one),

we found no species records of the other orders

(APPENDICES A, B, C). We can consider these low

numbers worrying, given the territorial extension of the

six municipalities (approximately 8.00 km and the

importance the biodiversity of PARNA-CD has for

Brazil, and for the world (as a Biosphere Reserve).

The species records indicate no assessments of

survival conditions for the majority (NE or DD= 64)

(95.5%) (Tables 1, 2, 3). Most spiders and scorpions do

not have data that could be evaluated within the IUCN

evaluation criteria. Only one species of spider is

considered CR (Tmesiphantes hypogeus Bertani,

Bichuette and Pedroso, 2013) in Andaraí (Table 1), and

two scorpions EN (Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço

and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997)) in Itaeté, and

(Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço, Baptista and

Giupponi, 2004) in Lençóis (Fig. 2 A, B, C, D, Table 2).

On the other hand, 26 species are endemic to Brazil, of

which three spiders and two pseudoscorpions have no

records in any location other than PARNA-CD and

could be locally endemic (Tables 1, 3). In addition to

being endemic, some are restricted to caves, which

²)

makes them even more fragile. We found 16 species

registered in caves (12 spiders, two scorpions, and two

pseudoscorpions), in Andaraí, Itaeté, Lençóis, and

Palmeiras (APPENDICES A, B, C). We can understand

that the fragile survival of these endemic cave species

is directly related to the lack of long-term ecological and

behavioral studies.

At least one species of each genus of medical

importance was encountered in each municipality,

between the seven spiders (Table 1), and five

scorpions (Table 2). There were two Latrodectus

species (L. geometricus C. L. Koch, 1841; L. gr.

mactans) (Fig. 3 A, B), three Loxosceles (L.

chapadensis Bertani, Fukushima and Nagahama,

2010, L. karstica Bertani, von Schimonsky and Gallão,

2018, L. similis Moenkhaus, 1898) (Fig. 3 C, D), two

Phoneutria (P. eickstedtae Martins and Bertani, 2007,

P. nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891)) (Fig. 3 E, F), and five

Tityus (T. serrulatus Lutz and Mello, 1922, T. aba

Candido, Lucas, de Souza, Diaz and Lira-da-Silva,

2005, T. kuryi Lourenço, 1997, T. neglectus Mello-

Leitao, 1932, T. martinpaechi Lourenço, 2001) (Fig. 4

A, B, C, D, E) that we can consider of medical (T.

serrulatus) or potentially medical importance (the four

others) in the boundaries of the PARNA-CD (Tables 1,

2). None of these species are recognized as any

reported accident in Bahia (except T. serrulatus), which

does not mean they can't be. Accidents reported by the

Bahia health team have a suggestive diagnosis based

on clinical symptoms or proven at the genus level but

do not present proof of the species. This probably

occurs for at least two reasons: because some are

recently described species (like some Loxosceles

spiders, and Tityus scorpions) and have not been

evaluated for their risk to human health yet, and

because of the lack of taxonomic identification by the

health team providing care. We agree with Isbister and

collaborators (2005), and Lopez and Couto (2024)

referring to spider bites in Argentina, indicating that it is

important to promote the implementation of taxonomy

identification services linked to the health system. The

health system should improve the recording of

accidents, from the admission of the person bitten to

the identification of the species of these arachnids.

Although Latrodectus weren´t recorded in all the

municipalities, these spiders may be more widely

distributed, which can be partly associated with their

ballonism behavior (Mowery, Lubin and Segoli, 2022).

Ballooning is a well-known dispersal mechanism for

small spiders, typically in their first instars, allowing

them to transport themselves by air currents,

kilometers from their take-off point (Foelic, 2010). The

genus still causes controversy about which are the

species of Latrodectus in the mactans-curacaviensis

complex, and where they are distributed in the

Brazilian territory (Souza, 2016). Loxosceles are well

known for their medical significance and have a

widespread global distribution, with 22 species

occurring in Brazil (World Spider Catalog, 2024), and

8 https://www.gov.br/mma/pt-br/assuntos/biodiversidade-e-

biomas/areas-protegidas/sistema-nacional-de-unidades-de-

conservacao-da-natureza-snuc

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

Table 1. Distribution of spider species in the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Bahia, Brazil. endangered, endemic,

and medical (or potentially medical) importance species.

Municipality Species Conservation Status Endemic to: Medical Importance

(UCN, ICMBio) Brazil * PARNA-CD ** (*)

Andaraí Alpaida canoa NE * -

Ctenus igatu NE ** -

Crypsidromus multicuspidatus NE *-

Lasiodora klugi NE *-

Phoneutria eickstedtae NE * *

Plato novalima NE * -

Sicarius ornatus NE *-

Scytodes sincora NE ** -

Tmesiphantes hypogeus CR ** -

Ibicoara Argiope argentata NE - -

Corythalia latipes NE *-

Dolichothele rufonigra NE *-

Lasiodora klugi NE *-

Latrodectus geometricus NE - *

Latrodectus gr. mactans NE - *

Leprolochus birabeni NE - -

Meotipa pulcherrima NE - -

Oxyopes salticus NE - -

Peucetia flava NE - -

Pronous tuberculifer NE - -

Phoneutria nigriventer NE -*

Smeringopus pallidus NE - -

Teminius insularis NE - -

Umuara freddyi NE *-

Itaeté Ischnothele annulata NE --

Loxosceles karstica NE * *

Nesticodes rufipes NE - -

Oecobius navus NE - -

Lençóis Alpaida truncata NE - -

Cheiracanthium inclusum NE - -

Creugas gulosus NE - -

Ctenus rectipes NE - -

Dolichothele exilis NE *-

Idiops rastratus NE * -

Gasteracantha cancriformis NE - -

Latrodectus geometricus NE - *

Loxosceles chapadensis NE * *

Micrathena fissispina NE - -

Micrathena plana NE - -

Misumenops maculissparsus NE - -

Nesticodes rufipes NE - -

Oxyopes candidoi NE *-

Oxyopes salticus NE - -

Oxyopes stephanurus NE *-

Peucetia flava NE - -

Peucetia rubrolineata NE - -

Plato novalima NE * -

Quemedice piracuruca NE - -

Selenops cf zumac NE - -

Highlighted

Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

eight in Bahia: L. amazonica Gertsch, 1967, L.

boqueirao Bertani and Gallão, 2024, L. cardosoi

Bertani, von Schimonsky and Gallão, 2018, L.

carinhanha Bertani, von Schimonsky and Gallão,

2018, L. chapadensis, L. karstica, L. similis, and L.

troglobia Souza and Ferreira, 2018 (Andrade-de-Sá,

Brazil, Lira-da-Silva and Brescovit, 2024). Phoneutria

is considered a very defensive medically important

spider (Foelix, 2010), but as mentioned, the accidents

reported in the PARNA-CD municipalities aren't

associated with any species yet (DATASUS-TABNET,

2024).

Of the 56 spider species, 12 of them were found in

caves. Caves are unique environments: extremely

stable, with high humidity, constant temperatures and

absence of light, which favor the colonization and

persistence of cave-dwelling spiders if there is

sufficient food (Ferreira, Prous, Machado and Martins,

2005). Subterranean ecosystems are among the most

widespread environments on Earth and we still have

poor knowledge of their biodiversity. As these

ecosystems have traditionally been overlooked in

global conservation agendas and multilateral

agreements, a quantitative assessment of solution-

based approaches to safeguard subterranean biota

and associated habitats is timely (Mammola et al.,

2022). As we can see, cave-dwelling arachnids should

be one of the priorities if we discuss conservation.

Unfortunately, for most of the spiders, the data were

insufficient to be evaluated by the IUCN (Table 1).

Between the two evaluated species, Tmesiphantes

hypogeus is a CR, endemic to Brazil and PARNA-CD,

known from only two caves in Igatu (Andaraí), with an

estimated occurrence of less than 10 km². As the caves

may form a single system, they can be considered in a

single location, further restricting its occurrence and

increasing the importance of studying this species. For

Iridopelma katiae the data is deficient (DD).

Of the 30 scorpions already recorded in Bahia,

seven are endemic: Ananteris evellynae Lourenço,

2004, A. kuryi Giupponi, Vasconcelos and Lourenço,

2009, Troglorhopalurus lacrau, T.translucidus, Tityus

cylindricus (Karsch, 1879), T.kuryi, and T. aba (Porto et

al., 2010a). The endemism of these species may be

related to the lack of knowledge about their distribution,

as in the case of Ananteris evellynae, A. kuryi, and

Tityus cylindricus, but it may also reflect the occurrence

in certain specific habitats, especially the cave ones as,

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

Table 1. Cont..

Municipality Species Conservation Status Endemic to: Medical Importance

(UCN, ICMBio) Brazil * PARNA-CD ** (*)

Scytodes globula NE - -

Thwaitesia affinis NE - -

Tidarren cf haemorrhoidale NE - -

Trachelopachys aemulatus NE - -

Trachelopachys af sericeus NE - -

Vectius niger NE - -

Wagneriana cf taim NE - -

Mucugê Latrodectus geometricus NE - *

Phoneutria eickstedtae NE * *

Polybetes germaini NE - -

Palmeiras Argiope argentata NE - -

Ctenus ornatus NE *-

Ctenus rectipes NE - -

Gasteracantha cancriformis NE - -

Iridopelma katiae DD *-

Latrodectus geometricus NE - -

Loxosceles chapadensis NE * *

Loxosceles similis NE * *

Phoneutria eickstedtae NE**

Phoneutria nigriventer NE -*

Vectius niger NE - -

Note: NE= not evaluated; NT= Near Threatened; DD=Data Deficient (IUCN). (*) according to the genera established by the Brazilian Ministry of

Health (MS, 2001).

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

Troglorhopalurus lacrau and T. translucidus (Porto et

al., 2010a). Troglobite scorpions are rare, even those

found inside caves, like some Buthidae species. They

are considered trogloxenes, occurring inside and

outside caves, and do not present defined troglophilic

characters (Lourenço et al., 2004).

We found the registration of 10 scorpion species:

Ananteris balzanii Thorell, 1891, Bothriurus asper

Pocock, 1893, B. rochai Mello-Leitao, 1932, Tityus

aba, T. kuryi, T. neglectus, T. martinpaechi, T.

serrulatus, Troglorhopalurus lacrau, and T.

translucidus (APPENDIX B, Table 2). Three of these

are of recognized large distribution and probably occur

in all regions, like Bothriurus asper, B. rochai, and the

buthid T. serrulatus. Tityus serrulatus was registered in

all of the six municipalities (Table 2) and is exactly the

most important scorpion species regarding public

health in Bahia (Brazil, Lira-da-Silva, Porto, Amorim

9Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

Table 2. Distribution of scorpion species in the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Bahia, Brazil. endemic, endangered, and

medical (or potentially medical) importance species.

Municipality Species Conservation Status Endemic to: Medical Importance

(IUCN, ICMBio) Brazil * PARNA-CD ** (*)

Andaraí Tityus kuryi NE * *

Tityus serrulatus NE - *

Ibicoara Tityus kuryi NE * *

Tityus serrulatus NE - *

Itaeté Tityus serrulatus NE - *

Troglorhopalurus lacrau EN * -

Lençóis Bothriurus asper NE - -

Bothriurus rochai NE - -

Tityus martinpaechi NE * *

Tityus neglectus NE - *

Tityus serrulatus NE - *

Troglorhopalurus translucidus EN * -

Mucugê Ananteris balzanii NE - -

Bothriurus asper NE - -

Bothriurus rochai NE - -

Tityus aba NE * *

Tityus serrulatus NE - *

Palmeiras Bothriurus asper NE - -

Tityus kuryi NE * *

Tityus serrulatus NE - *

Note: NE= not evaluated; EN= Endangered (IUCN). (*) according to the genera established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS, 2001).

Table 3. Distribution of amblypygids and pseudoscorpions species in the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Brazil.

endemic and endangered species.

Municipality Species Conservation Status Endemic to:

(IUCN, ICMBio) Brazil * PARNA-CD **

Ibicoara - - -

Itaeté Spelaeochernes bahiensis NE **

Lençóis -NE -

Mucugê Trichodamon princeps NE *

Palmeiras Spelaeobochica allodentatus NE **

Note: NE = not evaluated (IUCN).

Highlighted

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

and Silva, 2009), which is worrying to the people of this

region. It is considered the most dangerous species in

South America, due to its high accident incidence and

severity, which can lead patients to death due to its

poison toxicity (Pucca et al., 2014; Cupo, 2015). It is a

synanthropic animal, with high proliferation rates and

colonization in urban environments (Lourenço and

Eickstedt, 2009) mainly due to its parthenogenetic

reproduction (Mathiessen, 1962). Three other buthids

registered here (Tityus aba, T. kuryi, and T.

martinpaechi) are of the same phylogenetic complex

as T. serrulatus (known as Tityus stigmurus complex)

(Souza, Candido, Lucas and Brescovit, 2009; Pereira,

2015). However, there is no record of accidents

involving these species, except for T. martinpaechi in

the Salvador Metropolitan Region (Porto, Caldas,

Cova and Santo, 2010b). As we said previously, this

does not mean that they cannot be involved in

poisoning accidents, as the healthcare team notifies

the diagnosis based only on clinical symptoms or those

proven at the gender level. Therefore, there is no way to

evaluate these species from a medical-epidemiological

point of view. Tityus kuryi (Fig. 4A) and T. aba (Fig. 4E)

are endemic to Bahia and occur preferentially in the

Caatinga biome (Porto et al., 2010a). Tityus kuryi was

restricted to three municipalities (Andaraí, Ibicoara,

Palmeiras) and T. aba had a single register in Mucugê,

inside a house (APPENDIX B). Both scorpions have

very little information since their description in 1997

and 2005, respectively. It is almost an unknown species

until now and should be included under the “vulnerable”

category of the IUCN, as Porto et al. (2010a) reported.

Different from the previous species, Tityus

martinpaechi (Fig. 4B) is not endemic to Bahia, and

was only found in the Lençóis municipality (APPENDIX

B). This scorpion also occurs in Ceará and Paraíba

states and occupies the Caatinga and the Atlantic

Forest (Souza et al., 2009; Porto et al, 2010a). As T.

martinpaechi, T. neglectus (Fig. 4C) is not endemic

from Bahia, and had a single record in Lençóis. This

species

(Versieux, Wendt, Louzada and Wanderley,

2008)

has been restricted to semi-arid coastal

restinga and tabuleiro woodland (Santos, Araújo,

Almeida and Coelho, 2006) occurring in Bahia,

Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe. They

are frequently found in terrestrial bromeliads,

widespread plants in the Chapada Diamantina

ecoregion

, close to the base of the leaves (Lourenço and

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

Fig. 2. Scorpions of conservation importance from the Chapada Diamantina National Park and surroundings. A, B:

Troglorhopalurus translucidus. C, D: Troglorhopalurus lacrau. Photographs: Salete Maso (A, B-taken under ultraviolet light),

Tiago Jordão Porto (C, D).

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

Eickstedt, 1988, Lira and De Souza, 2014). In addition,

we cannot forget that some opportunistic species, like

T. serrulatus (Fig. 4D), could even benefit from a

moderate degree of anthropogenic actions (Carmo,

Amorim and Vasconcelos, 2013) which could become

a serious public health problem for the people of those

municipalities.

Concerning the non-medically important species,

but the endemic ones, Troglorhopalurus is an endemic

genus to northeastern Brazil and was considered a

monotypic genus (T. translucidus) until Esposito,

Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto-da-Rocha and Prendini,

(2017) included another species, Troglorhopalurus

lacrau (=Rhopalurus lacrau) (Fig. 3C, D). Both species

belong to the same subterranean formation (Esposito

et al., 2017) and are considered endangered (EN)

according to the last revision of the Brazilian National

Red List (ICMBio, 2018). T. translucidus is probably

restricted to the central-north sandstone caves located

above 500 m in Andaraí and Lençóis municipalities

(Fig. 3A, B) (Gallão and Bichuette, 2016). T. lacrau is

known only from two populations: in the state of Bahia,

where they live under stones inside limestone caves in

the PARNA-CD (Fig. 3C, D), and in the Chapada do

Araripe, state of Ceará (Esposito et al., 2017). Beyond

the obvious importance of being endemic and

endangered, Gallão and Bichuette (2016) stand out

two other conditions that change the way we look for

these two species: the fact they are inside or outside

the Chapada Diamantina National Park. If they are

11 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

Fig. 3. Spiders of medical (or potentially medical) importance from the Chapada Diamantina National Park and

surroundings. A: Latrodectus gr. mactans. B: Latrodectus geometricus. C: Loxosceles chapadensis. D: Loxosceles karstica.

E: Phoneutria nigriventer. F: Phoneutria eickstedtae (E, F, from MHNBA collection). Photographs: Rafael Martins (A, B),

Júlia Andrade-de-Sá (C, D, E, F).

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

inside, they are to some extent, protected. But if they

are outside, they are unprotected and can only count

on the local population to protect them, and without

support from environmental agencies. This increases

the urgency of studies on species like these, as they

have a major risk of extinction.

Trichodamon princeps (= T.froesi) was the only

amblypygid species registered in the PARNA-CD, in

Mucugê (APPENDIX C, Table 3). Although the species

record in Harvey's catalog (Harvey, 2003) still

maintains T. froesi, a morphological and phylogenetic

review of the genus showed high variability between

the two unique species, indicating their synonymization

(De Miranda, Kury and Giupponi, 2018).

The k n o w l e dge of the cave-dwel l i n g

pseudoscorpions from Brazil was summarized by

Mahnert (2001), who recorded 25 species in seven

families from about 100 caves, including the genus

Spelaeobochica and the type species S.allodentatus

Mahnert 2001 from Bahia (Ratton, Volker and Rodrigo,

2012). There is no information on the register numbers

of the holotype and paratype in its description

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

Fig. 4. Scorpions of medical (and potentially medical) importance from the Chapada Diamantina National Park and

surroundings. A: Tityus kuryi. B: T. martinpaechi. C: T. neglectus. D: T. serrulatus. E: T. aba. Photographs: Tiago Jordão

Porto (A, C, D, E), Rejâne Maria Lira-da-Silva (B).

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

(Mahnert, 2001). Although there are such number of

species recorded in the state, only two can be reported

for the PARNA-CD: Spelaeobochica allodentatus

(Impossível cave, Palmeiras), Spelaeochernes

bahiensis (Poço Encantado and Lapa do Bode caves,

Itaeté) (Mahnert, 2001; Harvey, 2013a). As they have

no records anywhere other than those in their

description (Mahnert, 2001), we can consider them

endemic to PARNA-CD.

Among the Solifugae, only one species has been

recorded in Bahia, located in the Caatinga biome from

the dunes of São Francisco River, but far from the

Chapada Diamantina National Park. For Uropygi, just

one species was recorded in the state, restricted to the

Atlantic Forest region. For Opiliones, according to

Kury's Laniatores Catalog (Kury, 2003), 32 species are

present in Bahia, mostly in the Atlantic Forest, but none

have been registered within the PARNA-CD. No

occurrences of Palpigradi, Ricinulei, or Schizomida are

recorded in Bahia.

Final considerations

Here, we provide a valuable basis for the diversity of

extant arachnids in Chapada Diamantina National

Park, which can be used for future assessments of

habitat transformation, invasive alien species, and

health human prevention. We know that knowledge of

this arachnid biodiversity does not end here. We also

know the difficulties of bringing registration data to a

region so far from the few centers that train

researchers, such as the Brazilian northeast region. As

noted by Oliveira et al. (2017), the areas with the

greatest concentration of species records in our

country are generally located around the economically

richest and most populous cities, near the coast. Not by

chance these are also among the areas of initial

colonization in the country, where the oldest and most

representative collections and Museums are located,

like in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo

(''museum effect''). Consequently, we reinforce here

the need for effective financial incentives for

biodiversity research projects directed to PARNA-CD

or the Chapada Diamantina ecoregion. Furthermore, in

the medium or long term, it is necessary to invest in

training arachnological researchers in less favored

regions or far from the large research centers in the

Brazilian Southeast region. There is no shortage of

justifications for implementing measures aimed at

preserving this mountainous complex, as UNESCO

already states for a region considered a Biosphere

Reserve. We can also add and reinforce the proposal of

Gallão and Bichuette (2015), that the sandstone

complex caves from Chapada Diamantina National

Park need to be classified as being of high

subterranean biodiversity in a global scope.

What promotes ecological damages to these

arachnids (or even others) species that inhabit the

Chapada Diamantina region is already known:

deforestation of the surrounding areas for pastures,

lowering the water table due to agricultural irrigation,

uncontrolled tourist visitation, and limestone mining

(Juncá, Funch and Rocha, 2005), mainly on cave

species.

Missing data on species distribution and their

threatened status make it difficult to promote mitigating

actions toward their conservation, and eventual

decisions about biodiversity conservation (Porto et al.,

2010a). We also agree with Carmo et al. (2013) that

local species are experiencing a major risk of

extinction. Still, given the rate of human-mediated

changes to which several caatinga areas have been

recently exposed, endemic species should be the

priority target for long-term ecological and behavioral

studies (Carmo et al., 2023).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are indebted to all the curators who gently

provided the list of specimens to this study (listed in the

Material and Methods), and especially thank Antonio

Brescovit for his insightful suggestions on an earlier

version of the manuscript. Also, we thank Tiago Jordão

Porto, Rafael Martins, and Salete Maso for supporting

the photographs, and to the reviewers for their valuable

contributions that significantly improved this article.

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ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

17 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX A

Spider list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Brazil. Occurrence by Municipality.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

MIGALOMORPHAE

ACTINOPODIDAE

Actinopus mouse Itaeté Poço 41W 06' 20", - - - 11539 - Cave (BA-202)

spiders Encantado's 12S 06' 40"

Cave

Actinopus mouse Andaraí Indeterminate 41W 19' 53", - - 167542 - - Indeterminate

spiders 12S 48' 27"

DIPLURIDAE

Diplura funnelweb Andaraí Fazenda do 41W 19' 53" - - - 4473 - Indeterminate

spider Ouro 12S 48' 27"

Pousada

Ecológica

Trechona funnelweb Palmeiras Trilha 41W 33' 31", - - - 6997 - Indeterminate

spider Águas Claras 12S 31' 44"

IDIOPIDAE

Idiops rastratus O. trapdoor Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - 13024 - Indeterminate

Pickard-Cambridge, spider 12S 33' 48"

1889

ISCHNOTHELIDAE

Ischnothele annulata funnelweb Itaeté Indeterminate 40W 58' 20", - - 113146 - - Urban

Tullgren, 1905 spider 12S 59' 12"

PYCNOTHELIDAE

Rachias trapdoor Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213640 - - Rupestrian

spider Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Stenoterommata trapdoor Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213647 - - Rupestrian

spider Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

THERAPHOSIDAE

Crypsidromus tarantula Andaraí Indeterminate 41W 19' 53", - - 167540 - - Indeterminate

multicuspidatus 12S 48' 27"

Mello-Leitão, 1929

Dolichothele exilis tarantula Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", - - 124099 - - Cave (BA-41)

Mello-Leitão, 1923 mouth 12S 33' 48"

Dolichothele rufonigra tarantula Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213708 - - Rupestrian

Guadanucci, 2007 Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Iridopelma katiae tarantula Palmeiras Indeterminate 41W 33' 31", 3856 - - - - Indeterminate

Bertani, 2012 12S 31' 44"

Lasiodora tarantula Itaeté Indeterminate 40W 58' 20", - - - 5061 - Indeterminate

12S 59' 12"

Lasiodora tarantula Itaeté Indeterminate 40W 58' 20", - - 111071 - - Urban

12S 59' 12"

Lasiodora klugi tarantula Andaraí Xique-xique 41W 19' 10", 4320 - - - - Rupestrian

C. L. Koch, 1841 do Igatú 12S 53' 44" grasslands

Lasiodora klugi tarantula Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1430 - - - - Indeterminate

C. L. Koch, 1841 13S 24' 39"

Pterinopelma tarantula Andaraí Igatú 41W 19' 10", - - - 5060 - Indeterminate

12S 53' 44"

Tmesiphantes tarantula Andaraí Rodovia 41W 19' 53" - - - 16021 - Indeterminate

BA-142, 12S 48' 27"

Rio Paraguaçu's

right margin

Tmesiphantes tarantula Andaraí Igatú 41W 19' 10", - - - 16022 - Indeterminate

12S 53' 44"

Tmesiphantes tarantula Andaraí Igatú, Parede 41W 19' 10", - - 264841 4419, - Cave (BA-1624)

hypogeus Bertani Vermelha 12S 53' 44" 4357

Bichuette & Pedroso, Cave

2013

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

19 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

ARANEOMORPHA

EANAPIDAE

Pseudanapis anapid Andaraí Igatú, 41W 19' 10", - - 182470 - - Cave

spiders Rio dos Pombos 12S 53' 44"

Cave

ARANEIDAE

Acacesia orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 2089, Indeterminate

12S 33' 48" 1323

Alpaida orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 15857 - - Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Alpaida canoa orbweavers Andaraí Igatú, 41W 19' 10", - - 182477 - - Cave (BA-1630)

Levi, 1988 Canal da 12S 53' 44"

Fumaça

Cave

Alpaida truncata orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 395 Indeterminate

Keyserling, 1865 12S 33' 48"

Argiope garden Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1433 - - - - Indeterminate

orbweavers 13S 24' 39"

Argiope garden Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", 953 - - - - Cave (BA-41)

orbweavers 12S 33' 48"

Argiope argentata silver garden Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 4636 - - - - Indeterminate

Fabricius, 1775 spider 13S 24' 39"

Argiope argentata silver Palmeiras Indeterminate 41W 33' 31", 5004 - - - - Indeterminate

Fabricius, 1775 garden spider 12S 31' 44"

Eriophora orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 2477I ndeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Eustala orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1492, 1493, Indeterminate

12S 33' 48" 2098

Gasteracantha orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - 1271 Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Gasteracantha spinybacked Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", 1580 - - - - Indeterminate

cancriformis orbweaver 12S 33' 48"

Linnaeus, 1758

Gasteracantha spinybacked Palmeiras Indeterminate 41W 33' 31", 5005 - - - - Indeterminate

cancriformis orbweaver 12S 31' 44"

Linnaeus, 1758

Spilasma orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 2220 Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Parawixia orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1563, 1801 Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Parawixia orbweavers Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", - - - - 1800 Cave (BA-41)

12S 33' 48"

Pronous orbweavers Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213719 - - Rupestrian

tuberculifer Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Keyserling, 1881 Natural Park

Mangora orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1262, 1754 Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Metazygia orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1260, 1661, Indeterminate

12S 33' 48" 1695, 1696

Micrathena orbweavers Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", - - 162300 - - Cave (BA-41)

fissispina 12S 33' 48"

C. L. Koch, 1836

Micrathena plana orbweavers Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", - 11030 162298, - - Cave (BA-41)

C. L. Koch, 1836 12S 33' 48" 162299

Wagneriana orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - 1721, - - - Indeterminate

12S 33' 48" 2217

Wagneriana cff. taim orbweavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1723 Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

ANYPHAENIDAE

Aysha ghost Palmeiras Vale do 41W 33' 31", - - 221464 - - Indeterminate

spiders Capão 12S 31' 44"

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

21 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Hibana ghost spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213753 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Umuara freddyi ghost spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213744 - - Rupestrian

Oliveira & Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Brescovit, 2015 Natural Park

Teudis ghost spiders Palmeiras Vale do Capão 41W 33' 31", - - 221475 - - Indeterminate

12S 31' 44"

CHEIRACANTHIDAE

Cheiracanthium agrarian sac Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", 1079 - - - - Indeterminate

inclusumspider 12S 33' 48"

Hentz, 1847

CAPONIIDAE

Nopscaponii spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213877, 213660 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

CORINNIDAE

Corinna antmimic Palmeiras Caeté-Açú 41W 29' 36", - - 279801 - - Urban

spiders 12S 37' 10"

Corinna antmimic Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1495, 1496 - - - - Indeterminate

spiders 13S 24' 39"

Corinna antmimic Mucugê Indeterminate 41W 22' 15", 42, 45, 5391 - - - - Indeterminate

spiders 13S 00' 19"

Creugas antmimic Andaraí Indeterminate 41W 19' 53", - - 182461 - - Indeterminate

spiders 12S 48' 27"

Creugas gulosus antmimic Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 15853 - - Indeterminate

Thorell, 1878 spiders 12S 33' 48"

CTENIDAE

Ancylometes wandering Palmeiras Camping do 41W 29' 36", 2491 - - - - Urban

spider Sr. Daí, 12S 37' 10"

Caeté-Açú

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Ctenus wandering Andaraí Igatú Canal da 41W 19' 10", - - 182487 - - Cave (BA-1630)

spider Fumaça Cave 12S 53' 44"

Ctenus igatu Polotow wandering Andaraí Igatú Canal da 41W 19' 10", - - 189131, 189132 - - Cave (BA-1630)

Cizauskas & spider Fumaça Cave 12S 53' 44"

Brescovit, 2022

Ctenus wandering Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", 3628 - - - - Indeterminate

rectipes F. O. spider 12S 33' 48"

Pickard-Cambridge,

1897

Ctenus wandering Palmeiras Vale do Capão, 41W 29' 36", 4694 - - - - Urban

rectipes F. O. spider Caete-Açú 12S 37' 10"

Pickard-Cambridge,

1897

Ctenus ornatus wandering Palmeiras Indeterminate 41W 33' 31", 2675 - - - - Indeterminate

spider 12S 31' 44"

Isoctenus wandering Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 15856 - - Indeterminate

Keyserling, 1877 spider 12S 33' 48"

Nothroctenus wandering spider Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213727 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Nothroctenus wandering spider Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 15860 - - Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Phoneutria brazilian Palmeiras Vale do Capão, 41W 29' 36", 4731 - - - - Urban

wandering spiders Caeté-Açú 12S 37' 10"

Phoneutria brazilian Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", 5606 - - - - Cave (BA-41)

wandering spiders 12S 33' 48"

Phoneutria brazilian Andaraí Vale do Paty 12°47'55.2"S, 2391 - - - - Rupestrian

eickstedtae Martins wandering spiders 41°19'24.8"W grasslands

& Bertani, 2007

Phoneutria brazilian Mucugê Sede do Projeto 41W 22' 15", 4342 - - - - Rupestrian

eickstedtae Martins wandering spiders SempreViva 13S 00' 19" grasslands

& Bertani, 2007

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

23 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Phoneutria brazilian Palmeiras Vale do Capão, 41W 29' 36", 2526, 2527 - - - - Urban

eickstedtae Martins wandering spiders Caete-Açú 12S 37' 10"

& Bertani, 2007

Phoneutria brazilian Mucugê Indeterminate 41W 22' 15", 2655 - - - - Indeterminate

eickstedtae Martins wandering spiders 13S 00' 19"

& Bertani, 2007

Phoneutria brazilian Mucugê Estrada da Guiné 41W 22' 15", 4956 - - - - Road

eickstedtae Martins wandering spiders 13S 00' 19"

& Bertani, 2007

Phoneutria brazilian Palmeiras Campping do 41W 29' 36", 2490 - - - - Urban

eickstedtae Martins wandering spiders Sr. Daí, 12S 37' 10"

& Bertani, 2007 Caeté-Açú

Phoneutria brazilian Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1461 - - - - Indeterminate

nigriventer wandering spiders 13S 24' 39"

Keyserling, 1891

Phoneutria brazilian Palmeiras Indeterminate 41W 33' 31", 4336 - - - - Indeterminate

nigriventer wandering spiders 12S 31' 44"

Keyserling, 1891

GNAPHOSIDAE

Eilica stealthy ground Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213716 - - Rupestrian

spiders Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

LINYPHIIDAE

Agyneta sheetweb and Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213717 - - Rupestrian

dwarf weavers Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

LYCOSIDAE

Aglaoctenus wolf spiders Lençóis Indeterminated 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1163, 2513, Indeterminate

12S 33' 48" 2515, 2519,

2520, 2522

Pavocosa wolf spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213669 - - Rupestrian

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Trochosa wolf spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213752 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

MITURGIDAE

Teminius insularis prowling spiders Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1478, 1507 - - - - Indeterminate

Lucas, 1857 13S 24' 39"

OONOPIDAE

Neotrops dwarf sixeye Andaraí Igatú 41W 19' 10", - - 182470 - - Cave (BA-1630)

spider Canal da Fumaça 12S 53' 44"

Cave

Neotrops dwarf Mucugê RPPN Adília 41W 22' 15", - - 56554 - - Indeterminate

sixeyed spider Paraguaçu Batista 13S 00' 19"

Neotrops dwarf Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", - - 296965 - - Cave (BA-41)

sixeyed spider 12S 33' 48"

Neoxyphinus dwarf Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213730, 213740 - - Rupestrian

sixeyed spider Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

OECOBIIDAE

Oecobius navus flatmesh weavers Itaeté Lapa do Bode 40W 58' 20", - - 71839 - - Cave (BA-34)

Blackwall, 1859 Cave 12S 59' 12"

OXYOPIDAE

Hamataliwa lynx spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213748 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Oxyopes candidoi lynx spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 269930 - - Indeterminate

Garcia-Neto, 1995 12S 33' 48"

Oxyopes salticus striped lynx Ibicoara Parque Natural 41W 09' 22", - - 213715 - - Rupestrian

Hentz, 1845 spider Municipal do 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Espalhado

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

25 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Oxyopes salticus striped lynx Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 167678 - - Indeterminate

Hentz, 1845 spider 12S 33' 48"

Oxyopes stephanurus lynx spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 269929 - - Indeterminate

Mello-Leitão, 1929 12S 33' 48"

Peucetia flava lynx spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213718 - - Rupestrian

Keyserling, 1877 Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Peucetia flava Keyserling, 1877lynx spidersLençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 15858 - Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Peucetia rubrolineata lynx spiders Lençóis 400m to 41W 23' 22", - - 128001 - - Cave (BA-41)

Keyserling, 1877 Lapão's Cave 12S 33' 48"

Tapinillus lynx spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 269928 - 1221, 1222, Indeterminate

12S 33' 48" 1223, 2596, 2628

OCHYROCERATIDAE

Ochyrocera ochyroceratid Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213726 - - Rupestrian

spiders Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Theotima ochyroceratid Andaraí Igatú Lava Pé 41W 19' 10", - - 182473 - - Cave

spiders Cave 12S 53' 44"

PALPIMANIDAE

Fernandezina palpimanid Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213664 - - Rupestrian

spiders Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Otiothops palpimanid Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213663 - - Rupestrian

spiders Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

PHOLCIDAE

Mesabolivar cellar spiders Andaraí Igatú, 41W 19' 10", - - 182491 - - Cave

Rio dos Pombos 12S 53' 44"

Cave

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Smeringopus pallidus cellar spiders Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1464 - - - - Indeterminate

Blackwall, 1858 13S 24' 39"

SALTICIDAE

Aillutticus Jumping Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213713 - - Rupestrian

spiders Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Corythalia Jumping spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213665, 213650 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Corythalia latipes Jumping spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213750 - - Rupestrian

C. L. Koch, 1846 Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Nosferattus Jumping spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213637 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Scopocira Jumping spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213731 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

SELENOPIDAE

Selenops selenopid crab Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", 4551 - - - - Indeterminate

spiders 12S 33' 48"

Selenops cf. zumac selenopid crab Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - 2031 Indeterminate

Corronca, 1996 spiders 12S 33' 48"

SICARIIDAE

Loxosceles recluse spiders Palmeiras Riachinho 41W 33' 31", 4781 - - - - Cave (BA 198)

Cave 12S 31' 44"

Loxosceles recluse spiders Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", - - - - - Indeterminate

Cave 13S 24' 39"

Loxosceles recluse Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", 4375-4377, 4379, 12103, 12105 165648, 6238 - Cave (BA-41)

chapadensis Bertani, spiders 12S 33' 48" 4380, 4384-4392, 165649,

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

27 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Fukushima & 4396, 4397, 4399, 165650,

Nagahama 2010 4400, 4402- 4407, 165651,

4409-4411, 4414, 165652,

4415, 4418-4420, 165653,

4506, 4507, 4545, 165654

4760, 4764, 3564,

3565, 3612, 3615,

3628, 3664, 4168,

4169, 4373,4374,

4378, 4381, 4382,

4393-4395, 4398,

4401, 4408, 4412,

4413, 4416, 4417,

4421, 4422, 4503,

4562, 4754, 4755,

4757, 4759, 4761,

4763, 4766-4768,

4772, 4776, 4823,

4900, 5444-5475,

5488, 5558, 5559,

5561-5567, 5569,

5571, 5572,

5597-5599,

5603-5605, 5607,

5608, 5629, 5631

Loxosceles recluse spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - 6049 - Indeterminate

chapadensis Bertani, 12S 33' 48"

Fukushima &

Nagahama 2010

Loxosceles recluse spiders Palmeiras Indeterminate 41W 33' 31", - - - 6047 (Holótipo) - Indeterminate

chapadensis 12S 31' 44" 6048 (Parátipo)

Bertani, Fukushima &

Nagahama 2010

Loxosceles recluse spiders Lençóis Serra das Paridas 41W 14' 33", 5648 - - - - Rupestrian

chapadensis 12S 14' 44" grasslands

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Bertani, Fukushima &

Nagahama 2010

Loxosceles recluse spiders Palmeiras Riachinho Cave 41W 33' 31", 4491, 4779, 4780 - - - - Cave (BA 198)

chapadensis 12S 31' 44"

Bertani, Fukushima &

Nagahama 2010

Loxosceles karstica recluse spiders Itaeté Lapa do Bode 40W 58' 20", 5635, 5638, - - - - Cave (BA-34)

Bertani, von Cave 12S 59' 12" 5640, 5649

Schimonsky & Gallão,

2018

Loxosceles similis recluse spiders Palmeiras Vale do Capão 41W 33' 31", - - 165464 - - Indeterminate

Moenkhaus, 1898 12S 31' 44"

Sicarius sand Palmeiras Vale do Capão 41W 33' 31", 4901 - - - - Indeterminate

recluse spiders 12S 31' 44"

Sicarius sand Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", - - - 6264 - Cave (BA-41)

recluse spiders 12S 33' 48"

Sicarius sand Itaeté near Natal Cave, 40W 58' 20", - - - 6261 - Cave

recluse spiders Fazenda Rio Alegre 12S 59' 12"

Sicarius ornatus sand Andaraí Igatú 41W 19' 10", - - - 6355 - Indeterminate

Magalhães, recluse spiders 12S 53' 44"

Brescovit & Santos,

2013

SCYTODIDAE

Scytodes spitting spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1416, 1417, Indeterminate

12S 33' 48" 1418, 1419

Scytodes globula spitting spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 39556 - - Indeterminate

Nicolet, 1849 12S 33' 48"

Scytodes sincora spitting spiders Andaraí Igatú 41W 19' 10", - - 182460 - - Cave

Rheims & Brescovit, Caverna Lava Pé 12S 53' 44"

2009

SPARASSIDAE

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

29 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Olios giant crab spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 2021 Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Polybetes germaini giant crab spiders Mucugê Indeterminate 41W 22' 15", 5630 - - - - Indeterminate

Simon, 1897 13S 00' 19"

Quemedice giant crab spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 15849 - - Indeterminate

piracuruca Rheims, 12S 33' 48"

Labarque & Ramírez,

2008

Stasina giant crab spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213636 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

THOMISIDAE

Misumenops crab spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213736 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Misumenops crab spiders Lençóis Morro do 41W 23' 23", - - 26843 - - Rupestrian

maculissparsus Pai Inácio 12S 33' 48" grasslands

Keyserling, 1891

TRACHELIDAE

Trachelopachys sac spiders Lençóis Morro do 41W 23' 23", - - 6841 - - Rupestrian

aemulatus Gertsch, Pai Inácio 12S 33' 48" grasslands

1942

Trachelopachys aff. sac spiders Lençóis Morro do 41W 23' 23", - - 26840 - - Rupestrian

sericeus Simon, 1886 Pai Inácio 12S 33' 48" grasslands

THERIDIIDAE

Anelosimu scobweb weavers Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213734 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Anelosimus cobweb weavers Mucugê Indeterminate 41W 22' 15", - - 124744 - - Indeterminate

13S 00' 19"

Dipoena cobweb weavers Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213721 - - Rupestrian

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Euryopis cobweb weavers Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213649 - - Rupestrian

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Latrodectus brown widow Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213711 - - Rupestrian

geometricus Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

C. L. Koch, 1841 Natural Park

Latrodectus brown widow Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 15852 - 2044 Indeterminate

geometricus 12S 33' 48"

C. L. Koch, 1841

Latrodectus brown widow Palmeiras Vale do Capão 41W 33' 31", 3618 - - - - Indeterminate

geometricus 12S 31' 44"

C. L. Koch, 1841

Latrodectus brown widow Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1470, 1472, 1473 - - - - Indeterminate

geometricus 13S 24' 39"

C. L. Koch, 1841

Latrodectus g brown widow Mucugê Serra dos Gerais 41W 22' 15", 2439 - - - - Rupestrian

eometricus 13S 00' 19" grasslands

C. L. Koch, 1841

Latrodectus gr. black widow Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1471 - - - - Indeterminate

mactans 13S 24' 39"

Meotipa pulcherrima cobweb weavers Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213733 - - Rupestrian

Mello-Leitão, 1917 Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Nesticodes rufipes Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 15854 - - Indeterminate

Lucas, 1846 cobweb weavers 12S 33' 48"

Nesticodes cobweb weavers Itaeté Indeterminate 40W 58' 20", - - 66580 - - Urban

rufipes Lucas, 1846 12S 59' 12"

Steatoda cobweb weavers Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 1476 - - - - Indeterminate

13S 24' 39"

Theridion cobweb weavers Andaraí Igatú, 41W 19' 10", - - 189081 - - Cave

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

Parede Vermelha 12S 53' 44"

Cave

Tidarren cf. cobweb weavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 2184, 2185, Indeterminate

haemorrhoidale 12S 33' 48" 2186, 2187, 2192,

Bertkau, 1880 2193, 2194

Thwaitesia affinis cobweb weavers Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 2161 Indeterminate

O. Pickard-Cambridge, 12S 33' 48"

1882

TROCHANTERIIDAE

Vectius niger Simon, ground spiders Palmeiras Mata do Vale 41W 33' 31", - - 304761 - - Indeterminate

1880 do Capão 12S 31' 44"

Vectius niger Simon, ground spiders Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1619 Indeterminate

1880 12S 33' 48"

THERIDIOSOMATIDAE

Plato novalima Prete, ray orbweavers Andaraí Igatú, 41W 19' 10", - - 182462 - - Cave

Cizauskas & Brescovit, Lava Pé Cave 12S 53' 44"

2018

Plato novalima Prete, ray orbweavers Lençóis Lapão's Cave 41W 23' 22", - - 124101 - - Cave (BA-41)

Cizauskas & Brescovit, 12S 33' 48"

2018

TETRAGNATHIDAE

Leucauge longjawed Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1255 Indeterminat

orbweavers 12S 33' 48"

ULOBORIDAE

Miagrammope shackled Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1683 Indeterminate

orbweavers 12S 33' 48"

Philoponella hackled Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - - - 1173, 1174 Indeterminate

orbweavers 12S 33' 48"

Uloborus hackled Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 23", - - 38569 - 1526 ,1527 Indeterminate

orbweavers 12S 33' 48"

31 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

APPENDIX A - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: UFBA- UFMG- Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, ARA ARA IBSP MNRJ UBTU Environment

Latitude

ZODARIIDAE

Epicratinus zodariid spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213720, 213747 - - Rupestria

Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Natural Park

Leprolochus zodariid spiders Ibicoara Espalhado 41W 09' 22", - - 213662, 213754 - - Rupestria

birabeni Municipal 13S 19' 08" grasslands

Mello-Leitão, 1942 Natural Park

(*) = acronymes: UFBA-ARA - Coleção Aracnológica (ordem Araneae) do Museu de História Natural da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia; UFMG-ARA - Coleção de Arachnida das Coleções Taxonômicas da

UFMG; IBSP - Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan; MNRJ - Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro; UBTU- Spiders collection (Araneae) from Unesp, São Paulo State University.Caves: code in

parenthesis refer to CNC's code (https://sbecnc.org.br/Regions.aspx#BA)

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

33 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX B

Scorpion list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Brazil. Occurrence by Municipality.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates: Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, UFBA-ESC UFMG-ARA IBSP Environment

Latitude

ANANTERIDAE

Ananteris scorpion Palmeiras Indeterminate 41W 33' 31", - - 7820 Rupestrian

12S 31' 44" grasslands

Ananteris balzanii Thorell, scorpion Mucugê RPPN - Odilia 41W 22' 59", - - 4689 Indeterminate

1891 Paraguassú 12S 00' 00"

Ananteris balzanii Thorell, scorpion Mucugê Indeterminate 41W 22' 59", 2157 - - Indeterminate

1891 12S 00' 00"

BOTHRIURIDAE

Bothriurus scorpion Mucugê Estrada de 41W 22' 59", 3605 - - Domicile

Guiné 12S 00' 00"

Bothriurus asper Pocock, scorpion Lençóis Sítio Campo 41W 23' 22", 2490 - - Indeterminate

1893 da Batalha 12S 33' 48"

Bothriurus asper Pocock, scorpion Lençóis Capão 41W 23' 22", 1831 - - Rupestrian

1893 12S 33' 48" grasslands

Bothriurus asper Pocock, scorpion Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 22", - - 8035, 8036 Rupestrian

1893 12S 33' 48" grasslands

Bothriurus asper Pocock, scorpion Mucugê Fazenda 41W 22' 59", 2129-2142, - - Indeterminate

1893 Caraiba 12S 00' 00" 2318, 3036

Bothriurus asper Pocock, scorpion Palmeiras Vale do Capão, 41W 33' 31", 1818 - - Rupestrian

1893 Caeté-Açú 12S 31' 44" grasslands

Bothriurus rochai scorpion Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 22", - - 6524 Indeterminate

Mello-Leitão, 1932 12S 33' 48"

Bothriurus rochai scorpion Mucugê RPPN - Odilia 41W 22' 59", - - 4690 Indeterminate

Mello-Leitão, 1932 Paraguassú 12S 00' 00"

Bothriurus rochai scorpion Mucugê Indeterminate 41W 22' 59", 2153 - - Indeterminate

Mello-Leitão, 1932 12S 00' 00"

Bothriurus rochai scorpion Mucugê Rio Piaba 41W 22' 59", 3624 - - Rupestrian

Mello-Leitão, 1932 12S 00' 00" grasslands

BUTHIDAE

Tityus aba Candido, Lucas,scorpion Mucugê Estrada da 41W 22' 59", 3594, 3595, - - Inside

de Souza, Diaz & Guiné 12S 00' 00" 3596 a house

Lira-da-Silva, 2005

Tityus aba Candido, Lucas,scorpion Mucugê Indeterminate 41W 22' 59", 3209 - - Indeterminate

de Souza, Diaz & 12S 00' 00"

Lira-da-Silva, 2005

Tityus kuryi Lourenço, scorpion Andaraí Igatu 41W 19' 10", 3194, 3207 - - Indeterminate

1997 12S 53' 44"

Tityus kuryi Lourenço, scorpion Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 2451, 2572, - - Indeterminate

1997 13S 24' 39" 3056

Tityus kuryi Lourenço, scorpion Palmeiras Mata do Capão 41W 33' 31", - 12527 - Rupestrian

1997 12S 31' 44" grasslands

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al.

APPENDIX B - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates:

Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, UFBA-ESC UFMG-ARA IBSP Environment

Latitude

Tityus kuryi Lourenço, scorpion Palmeiras Mata do Capão 41W 33' 31", - 12528 - Rupestrian

1997 12S 31' 44" grasslands

Tityus kuryi Lourenço, scorpion Palmeiras Cachoeira da 41W 33' 31", 1000-1003, 1005, - - Rupestrian

1997 Fumaça, Vale 12S 31' 44" 1006, 1600- 1608, grasslands

do Capão, 1866, 2123, 2124,

Caetê-Açú 2166, 2167, 2194,

2197, 2204, 2269,

2286, 2505, 2529,

2530, 2542,

2569-2571, 2643,

2644, 2766, 2775,

2778, 3000- 3005,

3105, 3143, 3295,

3296, 3498, 3499

Tityus neglectus scorpion Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 22", - - 8038 Rupestrian

Mello-Leitao, 1932 12S 33' 48" grasslands

Tityus martinpaechi scorpion Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 22", - - 8037 Rupestrian

Lourenço, 2001 12S 33' 48" grasslands

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Andaraí Indeterminate 41W 19' 53", 71, 190, 2931, - - Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 12S 48' 27" 2939

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Ibicoara Indeterminate 41W 17' 04", 790, 819, 1276, - - Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 13S 24' 39" 1281, 1282, 1388,

1409, 1410, 1414,

1616, 1721, 2444

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Itaeté Indeterminate 41W 06' 20", - - 2952 Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 12S 06' 40"

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 22", 34, 88, 122, 538, - - Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 12S 33' 48" 556, 581, 752,

1575

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Lençóis Quilombo do 41W 23' 22", 3614, 3615 - - Urban

Lutz & Mello, 1922 Remanso 12S 33' 48"

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Lençóis Indeterminate 41W 23' 22", - - 4517, 5707 Rupestrian

Lutz & Mello, 1922 12S 33' 48" grasslands

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Lençóis Sítio Campo 41W 23' 22", 1527 - - Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 da Batalha 12S 33' 48"

sobre o Grisante

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Lençóis Área de Proteção 41W 23' 22", - 12522 - Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 Marimbus 12S 33' 48"

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Lençóis Área de Proteção 41W 23' 22", - 12526 - Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 Marimbus 12S 33' 48"

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Mucugê RPPN - Odilia 41W 22' 59", - - 4688 Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 12S 00' 00"

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Mucugê Indeterminate 41W 22' 59", 401, 3599 - - Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 12S 00' 00"

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

APPENDIX B - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates:

Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, UFBA-ESC UFMG-ARA IBSP Environment

Latitude

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Palmeiras Vale do Capão 41W 33' 31", 1192, 1193, - - Rupestrian

Lutz & Mello, 1922 12S 31' 44" 1212, 1549, grasslands

1576, 1577

Tityus serrulatus scorpion Palmeiras Indeterminate 41W 33' 31", 216, 217, 227, - - Indeterminate

Lutz & Mello, 1922 12S 31' 44" 1643, 3578

Troglorhopalurus lacrau scorpion Itaeté Lapa do Bode 41W 06' 20", 3042, 3043, - - Cave (BA-34)

Lourenço & 12S 06' 40" 3052, 3079,

Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 3572, 3632

Troglorhopalurus scorpion Lençóis Gruta do Lapão 41W 23' 22", 3273 - - Cave (BA-41)

translucidus Lourenço, 12S 33' 48"

Baptista & Giupponi, 2004

(*) acronymes: UFBA-ESC - Coleção Aracnológica (ordem Scorpiones) do Museu de História Natural da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia;

UFMG-ARA - Coleção de Arachnida das Coleções Taxonômicas da UFMG; IBSP - Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan

Caves: code in parenthesis refer to CNC's code (https://sbecnc.org.br/Regions.aspx#BA)

35 Arachnid list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park

APPENDIX C

Amblypygids, harvestmen, and pseudoscorpions list of the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Brazil.

Occurrence by Municipality.

Occurrence scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English name coordinates: Register in Phytophisiognomy/

municipality locality Longitude, UFBA IBSP Harvey, Environment

Latitude 2013a

AMBLYPYGI UFBA-AMB

Amblypygi whip spiders Lençóis Lapão Cave 41W 23' 22", 16, 19, 20 - - Cave (BA-41)

12S 33' 48"

PHRYNICHIDAE

Trichodamon princeps whip spiders Mucugê Sempre-Viva 41W 22' 59", 18 - - Rupestrian

Mello-Leitão, 1935 Park 12S 00' 00 grasslands

OPILIONES UFBA-OPI

Opiliones harvestmen Lençóis APA Marimbus 41W 23' 22", - 11650 - Indeterminate

12S 33' 48"

Opiliones harvestmen Palmeiras Vale do 41W 33' 31", - 11655 - Indeterminate

Capão 12S 31' 44"

Opiliones harvestmen Lençóis Lapão Cave 41W 23' 22", 20, 22, 26, 11659 - Cave (BA-41)

12S 33' 48" 32, 33, 35,

Opiliones harvestmen Ibicoara Serra do 41W 17' 04", - 12858 - Rupestrian

Espalhado 13S 24' 39" grasslands

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5

ANDRADE-DE-SÁ et al. 36

APPENDIX C - Cont.

Occurrence Register in scientific

collection (*)

Taxon English coordinates:

Phytophisiognomy/

name municipality locality Longitude, UFBA-ESC UFMG-ARA IBSP Environment

Latitude

PSEUDOSCORPIONES UFBA-PSE

Pseudoscorpiones false scorpions Palmeiras Vale do 41W 33' 31", - 3767 - Indeterminate

Capão 12S 31' 44"

BOCHINIDAE false scorpions Palmeiras Impossivel's 41W 04'10", - - X Cave

Spelaeobochica Cave 10°12'52"S

allodentatus Mahnert,

2001

CHERNETHIDAE

Spelaeochernes false scorpions Itaeté Poço 41W 06'06", - - X Cave

bahiensis Mahnert, Encantado, 12°57'38"S (MZUSP 13780)

2001 Lapa do Bode (BA-202)

(BA-34)

(*) acronymes: UFBA-AMB, UFBA-OPI, UFBA-PSE - Coleção Aracnológica do Museu de História Natural da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia;

IBSP - Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan.Harvey, 2013a: Pseudoscorpions of the World, version 3.0. Western Australian

Museum, Perth. http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/catalogues/pseudoscorpions.Caves: code in parenthesis refer to CNC's code

(https://sbecnc.org.br/Regions.aspx#BA)

Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2ª época). 2025. ISSN 2393-6940Vol. 34 (1): e34.1.5